Though elements of their work necessarily relate to structuralism and are informed by it, these theorists eventually came to be referred to as post-structuralists. Along with Lévi-Strauss, the most prominent thinkers associated with structuralism include linguist Roman Jakobson and psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan.īy the late 1960s, many of structuralism's basic tenets came under attack from a new wave of predominantly French intellectuals/philosophers such as historian Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, Marxist philosopher Louis Althusser, and literary critic Roland Barthes. The structuralist mode of reasoning has since been applied in a range of fields, including anthropology, sociology, psychology, literary criticism, economics, and architecture. French anthropologist Claude Lévi-Strauss was arguably the first such scholar, sparking a widespread interest in structuralism. After World War II, an array of scholars in the humanities borrowed Saussure's concepts for use in their respective fields. As an intellectual movement, structuralism became the heir to existentialism. Structuralism in Europe developed in the early 20th century, mainly in France and the Russian Empire, in the structural linguistics of Ferdinand de Saussure and the subsequent Prague, Moscow, and Copenhagen schools of linguistics. These relations constitute a structure, and behind local variations in the surface phenomena there are constant laws of abstract structure." "The belief that phenomena of human life are not intelligible except through their interrelations. It works to uncover the structural patterns that underlie all the things that humans do, think, perceive, and feel.Īlternatively, as summarized by philosopher Simon Blackburn, structuralism is: Structuralism is an intellectual current and methodological approach, primarily in the social sciences, that interprets elements of human culture by way of their relationship to a broader system.
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